How to in Text Cite Two Authors Over and Over Again

In-Text Citations: The Basics

Note: This folio reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Transmission (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resources for the older APA half-dozen way can be found here.

Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some full general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Annotation: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the by tense or nowadays perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998)found or Jones (1998)has institute...). Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the uncomplicated present tense (for example, Jones (1998)finds).

APA Commendation Basics

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This ways that the author's terminal name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). Ane complete reference for each source should announced in the reference list at the end of the newspaper.

If you are referring to an idea from another piece of work butNOT directly quoting the textile, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, y'all but take to make reference to the writer and twelvemonth of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from some other work, you should include the page number at the terminate of the parenthetical citation. Employ the abridgement "p." (for i folio) or "pp." (for multiple pages) earlier listing the folio number(s). Employ an en dash for folio ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This data is reiterated below.

Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the terminate of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining

• Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
• If you refer to the championship of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source:Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs:Writing New Media,At that place Is Nothing Left to Lose.

(Annotation: in your References list, only the start discussion of a championship will exist capitalized:Writing new media.)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word:Natural-Born Cyborgs.
• Capitalize the get-go discussion afterwards a dash or colon: "Defining Moving picture Rhetoric: The Instance of Hitchcock'due southVertigo."
• If the title of the work is italicized in your reference list, italicize it and employ championship example capitalization in the text:The Closing of the American Heed;The Wizard of Oz;Friends.
• If the championship of the work is not italicized in your reference listing, utilize double quotation marks and championship case capitalization (fifty-fifty though the reference listing uses sentence case): "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The I Where Chandler Tin't Weep."

Brusk quotations

If you are directly quoting from a piece of work, yous will need to include the writer, year of publication, and folio number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single page and "pp." for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated past an en dash).

You can innovate the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author'south last proper noun followed by the appointment of publication in parentheses.

According to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA fashion, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If you practise not include the author's name in the text of the judgement, place the writer's last proper noun, the year of publication, and the folio number in parentheses after the quotation.

She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), merely she did not offer an caption as to why.

Long quotations

Place direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a gratis-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented ane/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the unabridged quotation on the new margin, and indent the commencement line of whatsoever subsequent paragraph within the quotation i/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but practise not add together an extra blank line earlier or after it. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.

Because block quotation formatting is hard for usa to replicate in the OWL's content direction system, we have just provided a screenshot of a generic example beneath.

Formatting case for cake quotations in APA 7 style.

Quotations from sources without pages

Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, yous may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works (like religious texts) can besides incorporate special location identifiers similar poesy numbers. In curt: pick a substitute for folio numbers that makes sense for your source.

Jones (1998) constitute a variety of causes for pupil dissatisfaction with prevailing citation practices (paras. 4–v).

A meta-analysis of available literature (Jones, 1998) revealed inconsistency beyond big-calibration studies of educatee learning (Tabular array 3).

Summary or paraphrase

If you lot are paraphrasing an idea from some other work, you only have to make reference to the writer and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, nonetheless, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when information technology volition help the reader discover the information in a longer work.

According to Jones (1998), APA way is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.

APA style is a difficult citation format for first-fourth dimension learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

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Source: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html?iframe=true&width=80%25&height=80%25

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